The main purpose of this research was to investigate the challenges of marginal settlement in Koohdasht County, Lorestan Province. This research used survey method and a questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Questionnaire's reliability was confirmed through computing Cronbach's Alpha coefficient which was 0.72 and Face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by related experts. Study's statistical population and sample consisted of 1560 and 85 marginal settler households respectively by using of Cochran's formula; also sampling was carried out through random sampling method. Data analysis also carried out by WIN\SPSS 11.5 software which finding showed that marginal settlers did not have good financial situation whereas they tolerated high sponsorship. Other results showed that both lack of appropriate sanitation systems and financial problems with low income were the following highest priorities of marginal settler's challenges. Factor analysis showed the existence of factors (cultural, social, living environment, economic, hygienic educational, welfare challenges) that totally determined the 63.03 of total variance and finally cultural-social challenge was recognized as the most important challenge of marginal settlers.

The dependence of the farmers and agricultural life on water resources and the existing crises has a direct relationship with various challenges of this macro-social structure. In the global water crisis, the cultivation type is simultaneously the major culprit and victim. The purpose of the present study is to examine the role of hydrological and population-related factors in preventing the aridification of an area as one of the most devastating environmental disasters. By its selection of the appropriate crop for any area (which prevents water wasting), water resources management can prevent the dependence of that area on the agricultural crops of other areas and help decrease unemployment rate. In order to manage the effect of water demand on the balance of water resources flowing in the Kuhdasht County, the topographic data was combined with other data through the geographical information system and using enhanced AHPFUZZY method. The purpose was to weight the hydrological and population-related data (including the sub-criteria of river, well, spring, residence, people, men, and women) and determine the location priorities based on the field data, satellite images, and the data existing in the Lorestan province related to the amount of water needed by various products. The intention was to create jobs while protecting natural resources. In addition to the prevention of underground water levels and the destruction of wells, springs, and aqueducts, the results of this study specify the conditions for scientific and principled cultivation, reduction of poverty, and creation of jobs through planned management in the research area based on the consideration of crop type, cultivation method, and cultivation time. According to the obtained results along with the consideration of the fact that agricultural activities are heavily practiced in the area (where dryland farming is performed in mid-level grasslands), the management of the area under study was classified into five levels, namely very weak, weak, average, good, and very good. This analysis can help the land managers to change the existing conditions toward a rule-based management of water resources.

Introduction: Society is a series of conditions and situations which makes the society sustainable and peaceful and fear and horror is finished from the public's viewpoints. The insecurity of places and public spaces disrupt high spirits and health in life and it imposes extra expenses on the society by creating obstacles on the way of cultural growth and public cooperation. In this paper have been analyzed the sense of security and fear of spaces in urban and rural settlements. The main purpose of this study assessment is the comparative analysis of rural and urban settlements of sense of security in the Koohdasht County.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to analyze the rate of social capital in rural production cooperatives and analysis of its related factors. Method: The statistical population of the study consists of 2820 members of 18 rural production corporations of Koohdasht County in Lorestan province which from 93 people were selected using Cochran formula. In order to increase the accuracy of the data, 100 members were selected by two-stage random sampling technique and were interviewed. The reliability of the main scales of the questionnaire was confirmed as Cronbach alpha coefficients were above 0.70. The questionnaire was validated through getting the comments and opinions of some faculty members and cooperative experts. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS (version 11.5) the. Findings: There are significant differences between two with high and low social capital in the gender, marital situation, literacy level, income level, whole of land under ownership, membership precedence in corporation, cooperative principals , participation knowledge of production in productive activities, participation in decision-making meetings and participation in performed training periods. Conclusion: according to results of stepwise Discriminate Analysis, 5 variables of matrimony situation, whole of land under ownership, membership precedence in cooperative, knowledge of cooperative principals, and participation in productive activities, discriminated two groups with high and low social capital in the best way.

As the most important goal of experts and city officials is creating the welfare of citizens, the sense of security has been the most important issue of interest to specialists in urban planning and social sciences in the past few decades. Sense of security in people is affected by several factors; one of the most important factors is the religiosity and people’s religious beliefs; that is the important factor in increasing the person’s sense of security when facing with difficult situations and unsafe places. In this paper, the relationship between religious dimensions with variables of sense of security in the Koohdasht County has been studied. In order to examine the relationship between religious dimensions and sense of security a descriptive-analytical research method has been used and data has been collected and analyzed from library resources, also through survey methods by selecting 400 random samples in 2 cities and 10 villages in Koohdasht County. Religion has been assessed in 5 dimensions of, thought, belief, ritual, experiential and outcomes and sense of security has been assessed in 3 sections consisting of sense of public safety, satisfaction from security authorities, and the fear of urban and rural spaces. The research results indicate that there is a significant correlation between most dimensions of religion and variables of sense of security. Also, results indicate that religious dimensions have the highest correlation with fear of urban and rural spaces variable. According to research findings, the necessity of paying attention to principles and Islamic practices and the spread of religious and cultural programs in order to enhance people’s sense of security has been felt more than before.

Statement of the problem Poverty in rural areas has been shaped by economic, social, political, cultural, and historical factors and ultimately by rural underdevelopment. Thus, there is a close link between poverty and rural life as more than three quarters of the poor live in rural areas. Measuring and identifying poverty is an essential component of knowledge for formulating programs and policies for poverty alleviation in society. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain the rural poverty situation in Kouhdasht County, to identify the spatial distribution of rural poverty in Kouhdasht Count. Methodology The present research is exploratory and question-oriented. Also, this research is applied based on descriptive-analytical method. Data collection tools were library and field studies (questionnaire, observation). The statistical population includes the villages of Kouhdasht County. The sample of 26 villages with appropriate spatial distribution across all districts selected. The selected stratified random sampling method used to select the villages. Data collection tools were library and field studies (questionnaire, observation). Results and Inoovation One-sample t-test used to compare poverty indices. For this comparison a spectrum with 5 states (intervals 1 to 5) is used, so the average mean for evaluating the indices is 3. All indicators except the political index have a high level of significance. Also, considering that the mean of 3 is considered as demographic and equity indices with mean higher than 3, it indicates the desirable status of these indices compared to other indices and the t-statistic of each is respectively. The values are 6. 99 and 2. 20, and the lowest mean is related to environmental and education indices, which indicate an unfavorable situation with t-values of-13. 98 and-8. 04.

Statement of the problem: Poverty in rural areas has been shaped by economic, social, political, cultural, and historical factors and ultimately by rural underdevelopment. Thus, there is a close link between poverty and rural life as more than three quarters of the poor live in rural areas. Measuring and identifying poverty is an essential component of knowledge for formulating programs and policies for poverty alleviation in society. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain the rural poverty situation in Kouhdasht County, to identify the spatial distribution of rural poverty in Kouhdasht Count. Methodology The present research is exploratory and question-oriented. Also, this research is applied based on descriptive-analytical method. Data collection tools were library and field studies (questionnaire, observation). The statistical population includes the villages of Kouhdasht County. The sample of 26 villages with appropriate spatial distribution across all districts selected. The selected stratified random sampling method used to select the villages. Data collection tools were library and field studies (questionnaire, observation). Results and Inoovation One-sample t-test used to compare poverty indices. For this comparison a spectrum with 5 states (intervals 1 to 5) is used, so the average mean for evaluating the indices is 3. All indicators except the political index have a high level of significance. Also, considering that the mean of 3 is considered as demographic and equity indices with mean higher than 3, it indicates the desirable status of these indices compared to other indices and the t-statistic of each is respectively. The values are 6. 99 and 2. 20, and the lowest mean is related to environmental and education indices, which indicate an unfavorable situation with t-values of-13. 98 and-8. 04.

This is a study about factors influencing Suicide in koohdasht city in Lorestan province.The method of study is based on documentary research and survey research. Data was obtained by interview with parents and relatives of those who committed suicide.To do so, the file of the whole people who committed suicide in the years of 1376-78, (103 persons), were examined.The achieving results of this study are as follows:Women Committed Suicide more than men, young people more than adults, single persons more than married, low status persons more than high status persons, unemployed people more than employed, housewives and students in high school more than other strata.The most important causes affecting suicide were family inconsistency (problems between parents and children as the gap between two generations), and mental disorder. Most of people who committed suicide use fire because of its availability.

This study aims at investigating the factors affecting rural people’s satisfaction with the performance of rural assistance offices in Koonani district of Koohdasht county in the context of management and rural development. It was conducted in a field survey method over the period of the summer 2011. The study seeks answer to the question “how much are the rural people of the Koonani district satisfied with the performance of the rural assistants?”. Statistical society includes 11 villages with active rural assistance offices in the district and with a population of 7443 people, out of which 368 people are selected as a sample size by Cochran formula; and then, the study questionnaires are distributed among them in a proportional assignment and simple random method. Analyzing the collected data through the Wilcoxon statistical tests, T Paired and Logistic Regression shows that the satisfaction of rural people is significantly related with the performance of rural assistance offices at a %99 level in the economic, social and physical- environmental dimensions; moreover, the most amount of influence in their satisfaction with the rural assistants’ performance refers to the economical factor.

Home, the most fundamental institution in the society, is established for comforting and security feelings. Therefore, WHO in a Fact Sheet of the "Maternal Support" in 1986, emphasized that home: "is the most suitable place for majority of Laboring Women and delivery for child birth". To determine the women's reasons of home delivery preference and its complications in koohdasht city; 750 women were selected in the year 1381 in this study.The design was a descriptive study and the data were gathered through a questionnaire. The study findings revealed that the woman's reasons for home delivery based on the financial problems (32%), personal willingness (39.9%), past home delivery positive experience (37.2%), short time delivery duration because of the fear of complications during transportation to hospital (35.7%), unavailability of their husbands during labor (20.5%). A also adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as early hemorrhage, inertia, constipation, urinary retention, perineal laceration, in women with home deliveries were perceived less than the women with hospital deliveries. Because many complications occur in the home deliveries, it is recommended that low risk pregnant women should be under support and midwifery care of educated midwives as well as organized, health care systems.